![]() Whenever the human voice pronounces a diphthong that begins low on the chart and ends high, the resulting spectrogram shows a distinct dark band that runs from lower left to upper right - in other words, an upslur. A look at the human voice on the spectrogram shows the reason: My lovely assistant Molly saying "wee, ree, oy." This oo + ee combination virtually always denotes an upslurred sound, as it does in the “ whit” calls of Empidonax flycatchers, the “ squeet” call of Sprague’s Pipit, and the “ kwit” flight call of Type 4 Red Crossbill. The Sibley, National Geographic, and Audubon field guides all transliterate this sound as “wheep,” which starts with an “oo” sound (w) and changes to an “ee” sound - thus, spanning the entire range of the pitch table from bottom to top. The commonest call of the Great Crested Flycatcher is a classic upslur, and like all upslurred sounds, it rises on the spectrogram from lower left to upper right: For example: ee + oo + ee = “eeyoowee.”īelieve it or not, despite the huge variety of ways to transcribe bird sounds, most transcriptions follow these principles - and for good reason, as we shall see.
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